Types of Solar Panels: The Complete Guide

Solar panels are an innovative solution for the production of clean energy, but not all are the same. There are different types, each with specific characteristics, advantages and applications. In this guide, we'll explore the main types of solar panels, how to install them, the associated costs, and the differences between a residential installation and a solar farm.

Types of solar panels

When we talk about solar panels, we often refer to traditional photovoltaic panels. However, technology has evolved and today there are different types:

1. Monocrystalline panels: Made with pure silicon, these panels offer maximum efficiency (up to 22%) and are ideal for those with limited space. Their cost is generally higher than other types.
2. Polycrystalline panels: Less expensive than monocrystallines, but also less efficient (15-18%). They're a popular option for those looking for a compromise between cost and performance.
3. Double-sided panels: Designed to capture light on both sides, these panels increase energy production by up to 30%. They are often used in ground installations with reflective surfaces.
4. Monoaxial tracker panels: These panels follow the sun along an axis, increasing production by 10-15% compared to fixed panels. They are ideal for large ground installations.
5. Biaxial tracker panels: Thanks to the ability to follow the sun along two axes, they offer the highest possible yield, but require a higher initial investment.
6. Plug-and-play panels: Easy to install, these panels are designed for those who want an immediate and non-invasive solution, such as balcony panels.

How to install balcony solar panels

Balcony solar panels, or plug-and-play, are a practical solution for those who live in an apartment. Their installation is simple and does not require complex structural interventions.

First of all, it is necessary to check that the balcony has sufficient exposure to sunlight. The ideal location is south-facing, without shading. Next, we proceed with attaching the panels to the railing or to a supporting structure. The connection to the electrical network is made through a standard socket, thanks to the integrated inverter.

An important aspect is the regulation. In Italy, the installation of balcony solar panels does not require special permits, as long as the power is less than 800 W and does not alter the appearance of the building.

Installation costs for balcony solar panels

Balcony solar panels are an economic solution compared to traditional photovoltaic systems. The average cost for a plug-and-play kit varies between 400 and 1,000 euros, depending on the power and quality of the components.

These kits generally include the panels, a microinverter and the mounting system. The installation can be carried out independently, further reducing costs.

For a clearer idea about the costs of photovoltaic systems, you can consult this study that we did not long ago.

Why a Solar Farm?

If residential plants represent an effective solution for self-consumption, a solar farm offers significant advantages in terms of panel variety and performance.

A solar farm is a large photovoltaic system on the ground designed to produce energy on a large scale. Thanks to the availability of space, it is possible to use advanced panels such as bifacial panels or those with monoaxial and biaxial trackers. These panels guarantee greater energy production than panels installed on residential roofs, thanks to the possibility of optimizing exposure to the sun.

In addition, solar farms make it possible to reduce costs per kWh produced, thanks to economies of scale. This makes them an ideal choice for those who want to invest in shared solar energy, as proposed by GridShare.

Example of rendering a roof panel and a ground panel

To understand the difference between a residential plant and a solar farm, let's analyze a practical example of yield:

1. Roof panel: A fixed 400 W monocrystalline panel installed on a roof with optimal exposure produces about 1,200-1,500 kWh per year, depending on the geographical location.
2. Ground panel with monoaxial tracker: The same panel, installed on the ground with a monoaxial tracker system, can produce up to 1,800 kWh per year, thanks to the movement that follows the sun and maximizes exposure.

This difference in performance shows how the use of advanced technologies, typical of solar farms, can significantly increase energy production.

The choice of solar panels depends on your needs and the characteristics of the installation. If you're looking for a practical solution for your apartment, plug-and-play balcony panels are an affordable option. If, on the other hand, you want to maximize yield or invest in shared solar energy, a solar farm offers unique opportunities, with advanced technologies such as bifacial panels or monoaxial and biaxial trackers.

Thanks to platforms like GridShare, you can explore these options and participate in the energy revolution in a simple and sustainable way.

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